Native American English
Chinatownative American English—described in detail in William Leap's 1993 study American Indian English—refers to a diverse group of English varieties spoken by Native Americas and Alaska Natives, including both those enrolled in hundreds of different tribes and also some who are unaffiliated. Influences from Native American Indigenous languages have been posited, as well as common phonological, intonation, and grammatical patterns which may be connected with the long history of disposession and dispersion which has brought diverse Native American groups into contact with one another, including today in New York.